Even though the diversity found in European societies is not a new phenomenon, its nature is rapidly changing. Europe is becoming increasingly diverse due to intra-European mobility, international migration and globalisation. These societal changes affect the educational landscape and organisation, and create both new opportunities and challenges for schools and other educational institutions. Recent studies show that intolerance and social exclusion are increasing both in schools and in society. The growing number of refugee, asylum seeker and migrant children entering Europe places specific demands on schools and teachers. These phenomena lead teachers to re-consider their everyday practices and strategies to meet the learning needs of these pupils.